International Journal of Research and Reports in Dentistry

In present world, globalization and economic liberalization is at its peak and India has been a part of it since last decade. While many see the benefits of globalization, it has its ill-effects too. India has also witnessed a change in the trend of drinking and smoking where women have participated in large numbers and at will. The review focuses on the role of paediatric dentists in prenatal counseling of pregnant mothers on consumption of alcohol or tobacco and diagnosis and management of affected infants. Maternal abuse of substances poses threat to foetal growth and development, creating a burden on medical and social care. Embryopathies arising due to the teratogenic effects of alcohol and tobacco present a specific pattern of physical anomalies and reduced birth size among the neonates along with characteristic facial features and central nervous system disorders that cause cognitive and behavioural problems. The fact that there lies no specific cure and early intervention and limiting secondary disabilities being among the treatment options makes the condition worse. At present, large scale awareness programmes have been undertaken by the Indian Government, eg. Alcohol Atlas of India, banning of broadcasting tobacco advertisement, smoking in public places, etc. as dealing with substance-related disorders. Pedodontists should not limit themselves in just spreading awareness amongst women of child bearing age but should also be updated with latest diagnostic tools and treatment strategies so as to provide the required symptomatic and rehabilitative treatment.