Association between Canine Impaction and Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Study in Orthodontic Patients at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh
Most. Dil Afroz Surovi *
Department of Orthodontics, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Abu Bakar Shah
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Md. Abdul Gaffer
Department of Orthodontics, Mandy Dental College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md. Billal Hossain
Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mahmood Sajedeen
Department of Orthodontics, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Gazi Shamim Hassan
Department of Orthodontics, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Maxillary canine impaction is a common clinical problem in orthodontics, yet its precise etiological factors are not fully understood. While localized causes like arch-length discrepancy are recognized, the potential influence of the overall skeletal framework warrants investigation. Determining such a relationship is crucial for improving early diagnosis and refining comprehensive treatment planning for this complex condition.
Objective: To determine the association between canine impaction and skeletal pattern in the sagittal and vertical skeletal planes.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, Pretreatment radiographs (lateral cephalometric, panoramic radiographs, and CBCT) of 30 participants with impacted canines were collected from participants' files of the Orthodontic Department of BSMMU. Samples were divided into three groups based on skeletal class-I malocclusion (n=10), skeletal class-II malocclusion (n=10), and skeletal class-III malocclusion (n=10). So, a total of 30 untreated participants were enrolled in the study. In data analysis, SPSS version 26.0 was used.
Results: The study cohort (mean age: second decade; M:F ratio 1:1.1) exhibited a predominance of buccal impactions (63.3%), particularly in females. A significant association was found between impaction type and sagittal skeletal pattern: buccal impactions were most common in Class II (80.0%), while palatal impactions were most frequent in Class I (50.0%). Vertically, the highest frequency of impaction occurred in Class III patterns (28.80%), showing a significant difference (p<0.031) from Class II (24.20%). No significant sex-based differences were observed in the vertical plane analysis.
Conclusion: This study confirms that sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns significantly influence maxillary canine impaction. A particularly high risk was identified in individuals with skeletal Class III patterns, with a notable female predilection. These findings underscore canine impaction as a potential indicator of underlying dentofacial deformities.
Keywords: Maxillary canine impaction, skeletal malocclusion, sagittal plane, vertical skeletal pattern, orthodontics